Nios 10th Economics (214) English Medium Solved Assignment TMA 2024-25

 Economics (214)

Tutor Marked Assignment

20% Marks Of Theory

1. Answer any one the following question in about 40-60 words.

(b) “Establishments of metro train network is the reflection of expansion and changes of wants.” Justify the statement.

Answer: The establishment of metro train networks reflects the expansion and changes of wants in several ways:

1. Urban Growth: Metro systems are built to accommodate growing urban populations and reduce traffic congestion.

2. Improved Accessibility: Metros provide efficient and affordable transportation, connecting people to jobs, education, and healthcare.

3. Economic Development: Metros stimulate economic growth by improving connectivity and attracting businesses.

4. Environmental Benefits: By reducing reliance on private vehicles, metros contribute to cleaner air and a more sustainable environment.

5. Quality of Life: Metros enhance the quality of life by providing faster travel times, reducing commuting stress, and improving urban amenities.

2. Answer any one the following question in about 40-60 words.

(b) Compare the basis of allocation of resources in the capitalist economic system and the planned economic system.

Answer: Capitalist Economic System: Resources are allocated primarily based on market forces. Supply and demand determine prices, and consumers allocate resources through their purchasing decisions. Businesses aim to maximize profits by producing goods and services that are in demand.

Planned Economic System: Resources are allocated centrally by a government or planning authority. The government sets production targets, determines prices, and distributes resources based on predetermined priorities. The focus is on meeting societal goals rather than individual profit maximization.

3. Answer any one the following question in about 40-60 words.

(b) Distinguish between a monopoly market and a perfectly competitive market based on the following features -

(i) No. of buyers and sellers

(ii) Substitute goods,

(iii) Free entry and Exit and

(iv) Determination of price

Answer: Monopoly vs. Perfect Competition:

A monopoly market and a perfectly competitive market are two extreme ends of the spectrum of market structures. They differ significantly in terms of the number of buyers and sellers, availability of substitute goods, ease of entry and exit,and the determination of price.

(i) Number of Buyers and Sellers:

• Monopoly: In a monopoly market, there is only one seller (monopolist) and many buyers. The monopolist has complete control over the supply of the product or service.
• Perfect Competition: In a perfectly competitive market, there are many buyers and sellers, each too small to influence the market price.

(ii) Substitute Goods:

• Monopoly: In a monopoly market, there are no close substitutes for the product or service offered by the monopolist. Consumers have limited choices.
• Perfect Competition: In a perfectly competitive market, there are many close substitutes available, giving consumers a wide range of options.

(iii) Free Entry and Exit:

• Monopoly: In a monopoly market, there are significant barriers to entry, making it difficult for new firms to enter the market. Existing monopolies often have exclusive rights or patents that protect them from competition.
• Perfect Competition: In a perfectly competitive market, there are no barriers to entry or exit. New firms can easily enter the market if there is an opportunity to make profits, and existing firms can exit if they are incurring losses.

(iv) Determination of Price:

• Monopoly: The monopolist has the power to set the price of the product or service. They can charge a price higher than the marginal cost of production, exploiting their market power.
• Perfect Competition: In a perfectly competitive market, the price is determined by the forces of supply and demand. Individual firms have no control over the market price and must accept it as given. They can only adjust their output levels to maximize their profits.

In summary, a monopoly market is characterized by a single seller, no close substitutes, barriers to entry, and price-setting power. In contrast, a perfectly competitive market has many buyers and sellers, numerous substitutes, free entry and exit,and a price determined by market forces.

4. Answer any one the following question in about 100-150 words.

(a) Suggest some effective measures for Indian farmers to sell out their agricultural products at support price fixed by the Government to protect their interest against exploitation from food grain merchants.

Answer: Effective Measures for Indian Farmers to Sell at Support Prices:

Indian farmers often face challenges in selling their agricultural products at the support prices fixed by the government. There are some effective measures to address this issue and protect farmers' interests:

1. Strengthen Government Procurement Agencies:

• Increase the capacity and efficiency of government agencies like Food Corporation of India (FCI) to procure grains at support prices.
• Expand their network of procurement centers to reach more farmers, especially in remote areas.

2. Promote Direct Marketing:

• Encourage farmers to sell their produce directly to consumers through farmers' markets, cooperatives, and online platforms. This eliminates intermediaries and allows farmers to get better prices.

3. Improve Storage and Transportation Facilities:

• Provide farmers with access to adequate storage facilities to prevent post-harvest losses and maintain the quality of their produce.
• Improve transportation infrastructure to reduce the cost and time taken to transport grains to markets.

4. Create Contract Farming Arrangements:

• Encourage contract farming agreements between farmers and processors or exporters to ensure a guaranteed market for their produce at predetermined prices.

5. Promote Value Addition:

• Encourage farmers to add value to their produce by processing it into finished products like flour, pickles, or jams. This can increase their income and reduce dependence on intermediaries.

6. Raise Awareness:

• Educate farmers about government schemes and support prices available to them.
• Create awareness about the importance of selling at support prices to protect their income.

7. Strengthen Farmer Producer Organizations (FPOs):

• Promote the formation of FPOs to empower farmers and enable them to negotiate better prices with buyers.

By implementing these measures, Indian farmers can effectively sell their products at support prices and protect themselves from exploitation by food grain merchants. This will help improve their livelihoods and contribute to the overall development of the agricultural sector.

5. Answer any one the following question in about 100-150 words.

(b) “Establishment of Zamindary System by the British rule was used as an instrument to exploit the resources of Indian Economy for their own purposes”. Elaborate the statement.

Answer: The Zamindari System: A British Instrument of Exploitation:

The British East India Company, upon establishing its dominance in India, introduced the Zamindari System as a means of revenue collection and control over the Indian economy. This system, implemented in the early 18th century, proved to be a powerful tool for exploiting India's resources and wealth for the benefit of the British crown.

Under the Zamindari System, the British granted large tracts of land to local landlords, known as Zamindars, in exchange for a fixed revenue payment. The Zamindars, in turn, were responsible for collecting revenue from the peasants who cultivated the land. This system created a hierarchical structure, with the British at the top, followed by the Zamindars,and finally the peasants at the bottom.

The Zamindari System was designed to extract maximum revenue from India. The Zamindars, incentivized by the promise of profits, often resorted to oppressive tactics to maximize their revenue collection. They imposed heavy taxes on the peasants, demanded forced labor, and restricted their access to markets. This exploitation led to widespread poverty and suffering among the Indian peasantries.

Furthermore, the Zamindari System hindered the development of the Indian economy. The Zamindars, as landlords, were primarily interested in maximizing their rent income rather than investing in agricultural improvements. This discouraged innovation and productivity, leading to stagnant agricultural practices and low yields. The British, as the ultimate beneficiaries of the revenue collected through the Zamindari System, had little incentive to invest in the development of India's economy.

The Zamindari System also contributed to the concentration of wealth and power in the hands of the British and the Zamindars. The peasants, who formed the majority of the population, were marginalized and had little political or economic power. This social inequality further exacerbated the exploitation of India's resources.

In conclusion, the Zamindari System was a powerful instrument used by the British to exploit the resources of the Indian economy. By creating a hierarchical structure and incentivizing the Zamindars to maximize revenue collection, the British were able to extract significant wealth from India. This system led to widespread poverty, inequality, and hindered the development of the Indian economy.

6. Prepare any one project out of the topics given below-

(a) Prepare a Project work on the topic “Promoting and providing Education” by the Government

• Introduction and relevance of the topic.
• Objectives of the Project.
• Scheme started by the Government.
• Conclusion. 

Answer: Promoting and Providing Education: A Government Initiative

• Introduction and Relevance:

Education is a fundamental human right that empowers individuals and societies. It is a cornerstone of progress, economic development, and social justice. Governments play a vital role in ensuring that all citizens have access to quality education, regardless of their socioeconomic background. This project aims to explore the various initiatives undertaken by the Indian government to promote and provide education.

• Objectives of the Project:

• To analyze the existing education policies and programs implemented by the Indian government.
• To assess the effectiveness of these initiatives in promoting educational access and quality.
• To identify the challenges and gaps in the current education system.

• Schemes Started by the Government:

The Indian government has launched numerous schemes and programs to promote and provide education. Some of the key initiatives include:

• Sarva Shiksha Abhiyan (SSA): This flagship program aims to provide universal elementary education to all children aged 6-14. It has been instrumental in increasing enrollment rates and improving educational infrastructure.
• Midday Meal Scheme: This scheme provides free cooked meals to school children, ensuring that they have a nutritious meal and are encouraged to attend school.
• National Scholarship Schemes: The government offers various scholarships to
• Students from disadvantaged backgrounds to help them continue their education. These scholarships cover tuition fees, hostel expenses, and other educational costs.
• Pradhan Mantri Jan Dhan Yojana (PMJDY): This financial inclusion scheme has helped to improve access to education by providing bank accounts to millions of people, including those from marginalized communities.
• Digital India Initiative: This initiative aims to promote digital literacy and provide access to digital resources. It has helped to bridge the digital divide and improve educational opportunities.

Conclusion:

The Indian government has made significant strides in promoting and providing education to its citizens. However, there is still much to be done to ensure that all children have access to quality education. Challenges such as lack of infrastructure, inadequate teacher training, and social disparities continue to hinder educational progress.

To address these challenges, the government needs to invest more in education, improve teacher training, and strengthen accountability mechanisms. Additionally, there is a need to focus on early childhood education to ensure that children are prepared for school. By taking these steps, the Indian government can create a more inclusive and equitable education system that empowers its citizens and contributes to the nation's development.