Nios 10th Psychology (222) English Medium Solved Assignment TMA 2024-25

 Psychology (222)

Tutor Marked Assignment

20% Marks Of Theory

1. Answer any one of the following questions in about 40-60 words.

(b) What are the different types of memory? Make a list of the activities that require the use of memory in your day-to-day experiences. Categorise these into different types of memory.

Answer: Types of Memory:

• Short-term memory: Holds information for a brief period (seconds to minutes).
• Long-term memory: Stores information for extended periods (days, weeks, or years).
• Working memory: A type of short-term memory that actively maintains and manipulates information.

Daily Activities and Memory Types:

• Short-term memory: Remembering a phone number while dialing it, recalling a grocery list while shopping.
• Long-term memory: Remembering a childhood memory, knowing the lyrics to a favorite song, recognizing a friend's face.
• Working memory: Following a recipe, solving a math problem, understanding a conversation.

2. Answer any one of the following questions in about 40-60 words.

(b) Do you think growth and development are different terms? If yes, then how? Also, mention the characteristics of development.

Answer:

Growth and development are different terms:

• Growth: Refers to an increase in size, quantity, or volume. It is often measured quantitatively.
• Development: Involves qualitative changes, such as increased complexity, differentiation, and maturation. It is a process of becoming more advanced or sophisticated.

Characteristics of development:

• Directionality: Development follows a predictable sequence of stages.
• Integration: Different aspects of development are interconnected and influence each other.
• Differentiation: Development involves becoming more specialized and complex.
• Continuous: Development is a lifelong process that continues throughout life.

3. Answer any one of the following questions in about 40-60 words.

(a) Share thoughts on the relationship between the mind and body, and propose three simple strategies for maintaining a healthy mind-body connection.

Answer: The mind and body are deeply interconnected, influencing overall health and well-being. Mental states can affect physical health; for example, stress can lead to physical ailments, while regular exercise improves mood and cognitive function. To maintain a healthy mind-body connection, consider these strategies:

1. Mindful Movement: Engage in yoga or walking meditation to promote awareness of the body and breath, reducing stress.

2. Regular Physical Activity: Aim for at least 30 minutes of moderate exercise daily to release endorphins and boost mood.

3. Healthy Nutrition: Eat a balanced diet rich in fruits, vegetables, and whole grains to support brain function and energy levels.

4. Answer any one of the following questions in about 100-150 words.

(b) What do you understand by the term ‘Jeevan Vigyaan’ ? In what ways can ‘Jeevan Vigyaan’ can help to build a healthy society?

Answer: Jeevan Vigyaan refers to a practical method aimed at cultivating human values and developing a harmonious personality. It emphasizes the control of thoughts and emotions to promote disciplined behavior, acknowledging the interconnection between mind, body, and the environment.

How Jeevan Vigyaan Can Help Build a Healthy Society:

1. Emotional Regulation: By teaching individuals to control and refine their emotions, Jeevan Vigyaan helps prevent negative behaviors (like anger and aggression) that can disrupt family and community harmony.

2. Interdependence Awareness: It fosters an understanding of interdependence among individuals and with nature, encouraging cooperative behavior and mutual respect, which are essential for a healthy society.

3. Balanced Development: Jeevan Vigyaan promotes the balanced development of intellect and inner consciousness, addressing the neglect of emotional and spiritual growth in modern education. This holistic approach leads to well-rounded individuals who contribute positively to society.

4. Positive Thinking: By encouraging positive thinking and the cultivation of constructive attitudes, Jeevan Vigyaan helps mitigate societal issues like conflict and unrest.

5. Community Building: It instills values of empathy, compassion, and responsibility, encouraging individuals to contribute to community welfare and fostering a sense of belonging and solidarity.

Overall, Jeevan Vigyaan aims to create individuals who are not only knowledgeable but also emotionally and spiritually aware, thereby nurturing a healthier, more cohesive society.

5. Answer any one of the following questions in about 100-150 words.

(a) Mention some psychological impacts of poverty. How can psychological intervention help in dealing with these issues?

Answer: Psychological Impacts of Poverty

1. Chronic Stress: The constant financial strain can lead to chronic stress, affecting mental health and increasing the risk of anxiety and depression.

2. Low Self-Esteem: Individuals living in poverty may experience feelings of worthlessness and inadequacy due to societal stigma and the inability to meet basic needs.

3. Social Isolation: Poverty can limit social interactions and opportunities, leading to feelings of isolation and loneliness.

4. Cognitive Impairment: The stress associated with financial insecurity can impair cognitive functioning, affecting decision-making, problem-solving, and concentration.

5. Intergenerational Trauma: Children raised in poverty may inherit psychological issues, perpetuating a cycle of disadvantage and mental health challenges.

Role of Psychological Intervention:

1. Counseling and Therapy: Professional counseling can provide emotional support, helping individuals process feelings of anxiety, depression, and low self-esteem associated with poverty.

2. Stress Management Techniques: Interventions like mindfulness, relaxation techniques, and coping strategies can help individuals manage chronic stress effectively.

3. Building Resilience: Psychological programs can foster resilience and adaptive coping mechanisms, empowering individuals to navigate challenges and improve their situations.

4. Support Groups: Facilitating support groups can reduce social isolation by connecting individuals facing similar challenges, promoting a sense of community and shared experience.

5. Education and Skill Development: Psychological interventions can include educational components that focus on skill-building and personal development, enhancing employability and self-efficacy.

By addressing the psychological impacts of poverty through targeted interventions, individuals can improve their mental health, build resilience, and work toward breaking the cycle of poverty.

6. Prepare any one project out of the given below.

(b) Interact with atleast 2-3 people from your neighbourhood in each age group (like Children, Adults and elderly) and ask them about what makes them happy. Categorise and compare the answers for different age groups.

Answer:

Objective:

To gather insights on what makes different age groups happy and to compare these responses to understand how priorities shift over time.

Introduction:

i. Participants: Interacted with 2-3 individuals from each of the following age groups:

• Children (Ages 5-12)
• Adults (Ages 30-60)
• Elderly (Ages 60+)

ii. Data Collection: Conducted informal interviews asking the question: "What makes you happy?"

iii. Responses Categorization: Responses were categorized based on age groups for analysis.

Children (Ages 5-12)

Common Responses:

• Playing with friends
• Watching cartoons or movies
• Going to the park
• Eating favorite snacks or treats

Adults (Ages 30-60)

Common Responses:

• Spending quality time with family
• Achieving career goals or milestones
• Traveling or experiencing new places
• Engaging in hobbies (like reading, gardening, or sports)

Elderly (Ages 60+)

Common Responses:

• Spending time with grandchildren
• Maintaining friendships and social connections
• Engaging in leisure activities (like gardening or walking)
• Reflecting on life experiences and achievements

Comparison:

• Children: find happiness primarily in play and immediate experiences, focusing on fun and enjoyment.

• Adults: emphasize relationships and personal achievements, highlighting the importance of family and fulfilling ambitions.

• Elderly: individuals often prioritize social connections and reflection, valuing relationships and the joy of shared experiences.

Insights

The responses show a shift from immediate pleasures in childhood to deeper relationships and personal fulfilment in adulthood, culminating in the appreciation of connections and reflection in later life. This reflects how priorities and sources of happiness evolve with age.

Conclusion:

Understanding what makes different age groups happy can help foster community connections and enhance well-being across all ages. By recognizing these varying sources of happiness, we can create supportive environments that cater to the needs and joys of each age group.