Hindustani Music (242)
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1. Answer any one of the following questions in about 40-60 words.
(b) Define the two Talas which have the same number of Matras?
Answer: Two talas that have the same number of matras are Dadra and Jhaptal.
- Dadra: A tala with 6 matras, often used in light classical music and folk songs.
- Jhaptal: A tala with 10 matras, commonly used in classical Hindustani music for complex rhythmic patterns.
Both talas have six beats or matras, but they differ in their rhythmic patterns and the distribution of emphasis on the beats.
2. Answer any one of the following questions in about 40-60 words.
(a) The symbols are used in the notation of Hindustani music. Specify the symbols used to show the Udatta and Anudatta notes.
Answer: The symbols used to show Udatta and Anudatta notes in Hindustani music notation are:
- Udatta: A small circle (o) placed above the note.
- Anudatta: A small circle (o) placed below the note.
These symbols indicate the pitch level of the note relative to the base note. Udatta notes are higher in pitch, while Anudatta notes are lower.
3. Answer any one of the following questions in about 40-60 words.
(a) Relate between the Sudhya Swara and Tivra Swara.
Answer: Sudhya Swara and Tivra Swara are two types of notes in Hindustani classical music.
- Sudhya Swara: A natural note that has a specific pitch and frequency.
- Tivra Swara: A sharp note that is half a step higher than the corresponding Sudhya Swara.
For example, the Tivra Sa is half a step higher than the Sudhya Sa. The relationship between Sudhya Swara and Tivra Swara is similar to the relationship between natural and sharp notes in Western music.
4. Answer any one of the following questions in about 100-150 words.
(b) Explain the Bols of Teen tala along with Matra.
Answer: Teen Tala (also known as Trital) is one of the most commonly used talas in Indian classical music. It
consists of 16 beats (Matras) divided into 4 sections, each having 4 beats.
Here are the Bols (syllables) of Teen Tala:
1. Dha Dhin Dhin Dha (1st Vibhag - 4 Matras)
2. Dha Dhin Dhin Dha (2nd Vibhag - 4 Matras)
3. Dha Tin Tin Ta (3rd Vibhag - 4 Matras)
4. Ta Dhin Dhin Dha (4th Vibhag - 4 Matras)
The first beat, called "Sam," is the most important, while the 9th beat is the "Khali," where there is no stress.
5. Answer any one of the following questions in about 100-150 words.
(a) According to the Bhatkhande notation system mention any four characteristics of Khali and Tali.
Answer: In the Bhatkhande notation system, Khali and Tali play significant roles in representing rhythmic cycles
(Talas). There are four key characteristics of each:
Tali (Clap) Characteristics:
1. Strong beats: Tali marks emphasized or stressed beats in the rhythmic cycle.
2. Shown with a clap: While performing or keeping time, Tali is represented by clapping hands.
3. Sam and other tali points: The first beat (Sam) is always Tali, and other Tali beats are marked at specific intervals in a Tala.
4. Important for rhythm structure: Tali defines the rhythmic flow and structure of the Tala, indicating where stresses occur.
Khali (Wave) Characteristics:
1. Weak or unstressed beats: Khali represents beats that are lighter or unstressed in a rhythmic cycle.
2. Shown with a wave: Instead of clapping, Khali is shown by waving the hand to indicate a lighter section.
3. Indicates change in the mood: Khali creates a break or contrast in the rhythm, often signaling a shift in mood.
4. Important rhythmic division: Khali marks the point where the stress drops, providing balance and contrast in the rhythmic structure.
6. Prepare any one project of the following projects given below.
(b) Collecting information on any three Talas of Hindustani Music. Write the Matra and Bols of those Talas in a table form.
Answer: Three Talas of Hindustani Music
Hindustani classical music employs a rhythmic structure called tala to organize the beats and patterns within a composition. Each tala has a specific number of beats (matras) and a unique rhythmic cycle. Here are three commonly used talas:
1. Dadra
- Matras: 6
- Bols: The basic bols for Dadra are: Ta, Dhin, Dhin, Dhin, Ta, Dhin.
- Characteristics: Dadra is a simple and popular tala, often used in light classical music and folk songs. It has a steady and rhythmic feel.
2. Jhaptaal
- Matras: 10
- Bols: The basic bols for Jhaptaal are: Ta, Ki, Ta, Dhi, Dhi, Ta, Ki, Ta, Dhin, Dhin.
- Characteristics: Jhaptaal is a complex tala with a strong rhythmic pattern. It is commonly used in Hindustani classical music for intricate compositions.
3. Teental
- Matras: 16
- Bols: The basic bols for Teental are: Ta, Ki, Ta, Dhi, Dhi, Ta, Ki, Ta, Dhin, Dhin, Dhin, Dhin, Ta, Dhin, Dhin, Dhin.
- Characteristics: Teental is the most commonly used tala in Hindustani classical music. It has a complex rhythmic structure and is often used for longer compositions.
Table: Comparison of Talas
These are just a few examples of the many talas used in Hindustani classical music. Each tala has its own unique characteristics and is used in different types of compositions. Understanding talas is essential for appreciating the rhythmic complexities of Hindustani music.